Madu River or Madu Ganga is a picturesque and enthralling river nestled in the small coastal town called Balapitiya of Galle District, Southern province Sri Lanka and within easy access to famous tourist destinations of Bentota and Galle.
Madu River is a complex coastal wetland ecosystem. Even though referred to as a river, it resembles more a lagoon or estuary in structure. Madu River water body and islands cover an area of 915 hectare, which 770 Ha consist of open water while 145 Ha account for 64 small islands. Madu River complex is a very rich bio diversified hot spot and sensitive eco system with ecological significances which higher than any other coastal eco systems island wide. Madu Ganga or Madu River wetland is a combination of Madu river and Randombe Lake, connected by two water channels.
Biodiversity of the Madu Ganga / River is highly significant when considering the wide range of aquatic life and other animals. A total of 11 species of agnatic mollusks and 14 land dwelling mollusks are found in this system. 70 species of fish, 31 types of reptiles, and 50 kinds of butterflies are just some of the colorful array of wildlife that inhabits this bustling ecosystem.
Madu River is a well-known tourist attraction in Sri Lanka and you can explore this massive wetland eco system on a boat trip called “Madu River Boat Safari”. It will be a very informative with educational elements plus a joyful boat trip through melodious, bird-colonised mangrove forests / Cinnamon island / Koth Duwa Buddhist Temple etc. Also this is technical tour for your children since they can learn & witness about Mangroves species in a tropical country / aquatic bird species endemic & native / about estuary / lagoon based fishing industry and many other nature related aspects and many more.
Madu rive boat safari details
Madu River reported very rich no of species of fauna considering the size of the water body. A total of 248 species of vertebrate fauna, belonging to 121 families were recorded from Madu River. These included 20 species (8 %) of endemics, while 30 species (12 %) are nationally threatened (Reference - IUCN Sri Lanka 2000). Among the endemic vertebrate species at Mad River, 70% are nationally threatened. The native vertebrate fauna of Mad River represents 30% of Sri Lanka’s native inland vertebrate species. This is a significant proportion, when considering the size of this wetland.
Mangrove species of Madu River
Primary important ecological factor of Madu River is a solid network of mangroves. The forest covers over 61 hectares, that is over 150 acres. 14 of the 24 species of mangroves are found in this area. Mangroves play a huge part in preventing erosion. The large growths of mangrove trees have caused a chain of ecological gain. The soil protected by the mangrove trees is very fertile. This has caused a rich growth of other wetland plants.
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands", an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran.
Considering Madu River ecological significance and complex bio diversified costal eco system, Madu River was designated as RAMSAR Wetland in 2003.
Conservation Efforts to Protect a Madu River Paradise
The Madu River faces challenges like pollution and habitat loss. Thankfully, conservation efforts are underway to ensure its continued health. Responsible tour operators prioritize eco-friendly practices, minimizing the impact on the delicate ecosystem. As a visitor, choosing such operators ensures your trip contributes to the river’s well-being.
The Madu River’s mangrove forests played a crucial role in mitigating the devastating effects of the 2004 tsunami. Their dense network acted as a natural barrier, absorbing the force of the waves and protecting coastal communities. This event highlights the vital role these ecosystems play in environmental protection, making conservation efforts even more crucial.